Vocab and Definitions

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  • Republic: a form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders
  • Patrician: wealthy landowners that held lots of power
  • Plebeian: common farmers, artisans, and merchants who made up the majority of the populations
  • Tribune: the representatives that the plebeians elected when they formed their own assembly; tribunes protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patrician officials 
  • Consul: the two officials the Romans had; elected by the assembly for only one year; chief executives of the government and commanders-in-chief of the army
  • Senate: aristocratic branch of Rome's government; consisted of 300 members of the upper class Roman society; controls foreign and financial policies, advises consuls
  • Dictator: in a time of crisis, the Roman would elect a dictator; this leader had absolute power to make the laws and command the army; power only lasted for six months
  • Legion: large military groups that the Romans were organized into; made up of 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback
  • Punic Wars: wars between Carthage and Rome; between 264 and 146 B.C., they fought three wars
  • Hannibal: Carthaginian general; brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthage's earlier defeat; 29 years old

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