Republic Collapses   large estates--> small farmers find it hard to compete, most farmers sold their farms and became homeless   brothers Tiberius and Gaius (tribunes)--> tried to help the poor, senators felt threaten by their ideas, both died violent deaths   military--> generals start to seize power for themselves, now a military leader (w troops) could take over by force   Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey join forces, JC elected consul, dominated Rome as a triumvirate    Caesar: appointed himself governor of Gaul, Pompey ordered Caesar to come home, Caesar doesn't listen, defeats Pompey's army, named dictator for life, dies in 44 B.C.   governed as an absolute ruler  granted Roman citizenship to many people in the provinces   expanded the senate  created jobs  started colonies   After Caesar's death--> civil war--> Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate   Oct forces Lep to retire, Oct and Mark are now rivals, Oct accuses Mark of...
 
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